Fujian styles

Presenting readers Fujian martial arts, so far described on the pages of magazines "Karate / Kung fu" the most popular of them, ie systems Crane, Tiger, Dog, Lion, Luohan (Arhat), and Dragon. In separate articles presented the history and characteristics of the martial arts of the region. In this paper I will describe less-known and popular styles of kung fu or arising grown in it, ie: style Ox, Rooster, Female, Crab, school (Confucian), Fish, Monkeys, Six Harmony, Natural, Bird trace of motion as well as the history of Wing Chun. I believe that the article does not just closer to the reader Fujian martial arts, but thanks to the colorful history and often unique characteristics, they become in his eyes, a new "color".

STYLE KUNG FU FUJIAN PROVINCE

Style Ox

It was created at the beginning of the reign of the Qing Dynasty in the district of Yong Tai, the city of Fuzhou from a man named Guo Xi Kong. It is known that he created based on the observations of this animal. After refining the techniques and philosophy of style, spread it in the district of Yong Tai and its environs. The idea of style, was the observation of the behavior of the ox, contains elements related to its appearance and behavior, giving their characters such as: hardness, toughness and perseverance. Proceedings of the animal shall say:

"The oxen are stubborn, tough and persistent. When the ox exceeds the gate, no power is able to stop it. When the state and deny their feet, you must use all his strength popędzając him to be moved. His power comes from the ground (earth) and power is concentrated in the extremities. One strike, or even two strong klapnięcia not it will move. ". The style uses primarily the fist. Wypadami reckoned attacked from three to seven steps, inflicting blows mainly in the position of the bow and arrow with stiff straight leg at the knee zakrocznej "hard-locked and rigid, like a pillar," with body weight resting on the leg most wykrocznej.Garda hands, aiming to imitate ox horns, a bit like a large Garde Thai boxers, but it is still extensive, and kept almost at head height. Withdrawal is connected with locking legs kicking an opponent.

Forms Style Ox:

* 1 / systems without weapons: San Zhan / three battle /, Sy Men / Four Gates / "Couples corresponding Rogów", "Ox leaving the enclosure and
* 2 / Systems with weapons: Brooms Wilcza Form (bamboo branches and leaves, where the branches are terminated with iron-tipped), the form of a rope made of pig hair, a system with two sticks, with a flattened form koromysłem (Baby Bag to water), and others.

STYLE ROOSTER

History of the origin and transmission style:

This style is based on observation of behavior of a rooster. Is one of martial arts originating in, and belonging to the so-called. "South School" Chinese boxing. According to the transfers, was developed by Xie Sheng You, Puling in the village, situated in the district Yongtai. He gave way to two students - Li Wen Shi and Xie Dong Shang. You spread it further by their students in Pu Lingsi. One of them was Xie Bao Kuang. Spread the style in the city of Fuzhou, teaching him, inter alia, Guo Si Kong and Chen Pei Guan. Chen Guan Pei gave him the Buddhist monks of the monastery Zhou Guan Di, in which it is practiced today. The Fuzhou-style Kogut He also taught Guo Hua, Tu Ji Qing Rong Lu, Jian Ming Zheng and Guo Lian Chang.

Characteristics of the style:

Rooster style was developed based on observation of behavior of this bird. Incorporates the techniques of imitating the jumping, flight, movement and fight a rooster. Practice style mimics the softness of passing bird movements in hardness, it seeks to achieve high fitness, facilitating the achievement of victory in battle. The spiritual essence of style, form integrity, the reality techniques, militancy, and continued high volatility and vehemence.

Analyzing the behavior of the cock fighting techniques useful in creating a style, you should pay attention to the impact of its wings, the bow shock, scratching their paws and violent strike at the enemy naskakiwanie. Strength comes from jumping spontaneity (jing), energy (chi) and the power of the spirit (shen).

Practice to achieve the high level of technical knowledge, and excellent physical form of bearing fruit in terms of its effectiveness in combating and understanding the business-style password that "Recognizing the power comes strength."

Cock fighting style should be as much as possible to use fingers to apply the capture, "clinging" to his hands, tug and scratch your opponent, doing further impact their fists. Who practice this style seek to further lead to high efficiency leaps. Sacrifice so much because the techniques to combat the fingers (called cock or cat's claws), and methods to strengthen their style differs from other systems Kogut South China (Nan Pai). Much attention is paid to maintain the fight to protect the Garda as far as vital points. This is due to the style of another assumption, that "not protecting the vital points are acceptable to the attacks on them and the meridians. Too broad throat causing loss of balance and destroy the stability of attitudes. Proper throat energy center protects the incentive power of Chi."

Forms style:

According to the transfers of Guo Xi Kong advocated the practice of forms: San Zhan (three battles, or otherwise known as the "baton of incense"), Sy Men (Four Gates, and Others. "Golden Rooster Myje Face"), Bu Ji (Form Seven Steps, or al. The "Golden Rooster Pull-nails"), (or in Eight Steps. Battle of the Thousand Days), (Eighteen ways, or in. Golden Rooster He plays Pearl), San Shou Shi liou (Thirty Six Hand, or Others. Four Large Gates ) and the form of seven hundred and sixty two steps. Guo Hua He advocated the practice of forms: San Zhan (Three Battles) and "The Golden Rooster Rice bow.

WOMEN'S STYLE

History of Style:

According to the transfers, the style was created by the Women's Min Nan Hou in Yu Zhi Tian. Over time the style came to Fuzhou. There it spread Kong Xi and Guo Guo Lun Ta, and later their students. Due to the fact that the number of women trenujących martial arts compared to the number of men who train them is small, the style is now practiced small number of people. Teachers do not have many willing to learn, gradually moving away from his teaching, for the more famous or attractive fighting systems. The current style of Women's few schools come mostly from Fuzhou.

Characteristics of the style:

Characteristic advantages are jumping style and supple body, because it is assumed that the impact of women using his fists are relatively weak. Other features include: transformation of hardness and softness in the assumption that the speed of motion and strength overcomes slow. When comparing this style to other known systems. "Southern" is visible difference in movement.

Steps are placed are less robust and dynamic, ie, more fluid, and weaker items. Effectiveness of shares due to the skilful combination of spontaneity, speed, steps, serial blows with his fists, a single but powerful punches and elbows, knees, and the use of strong rotational movement of the waist and hips during inflict blows.

Forms style:

Woman style performed only one form, including technical twenty-six shares.

STYLE CRAB

The history of communication:

Crab Kong Dong Chen developed. Gave him two students living in Fuzhou, ie Ta Cun Guo and Guo Jia Zu. The Cun Guo Guo gave him Dao gene, and this Gou Shi Yan, Guo Gui Zhong and Guo Xi Kong. Those with the time passed it on to others and his family befriended Guo people. To date, style Crab only to some extent has been distributed outside the family Guo. Some of its elements have been practiced in the area of Fuzhou, and in the mountain town of Ji Jian Yang.

Characteristics of style

Crab style reflects the essence of violence, militancy and high speed, technical shares. Technically, it combines elements of the style of south and north China. His "southern" part of a technique of hands. They are tough, strong, characterized by high mobility and they variability. "North" part of the style of a foot technique, with a spontaneity. Much importance is attached to the reflexes, quickness of perception and the ability to attack the sudden falls in the direction of the enemy. The tactic involves the division of body into three zones of attack: the upper, middle and lower. In defense of special importance is given to techniques to fend off attacks against the lower zone and removed from the lower zone upward, as potentially the most dangerous and difficult to obrony.W during the fight must be continuously and simultaneously see all three zones of the enemy, to pay attention to his tricks, falls, attacks by the arms and legs and the whole of his behavior, telling us about the state of his health and spirit. " Southern and northern techniques hands skillfully to rip the legs together, because it has an essential influence on the efficiency and appearance of the shares making this style of fighting.

In style, there are two forms: The form and shape of the Crab Slots Central.

Confucian STYLE (STYLE SCHOOL)

History of establishment and the media:

According to the transfers, the style Confucian /, also called the School / has been developed in one of the imperial Buddhist monasteries in Quan Zhou. This was probably a monastery Miao Zhu, since it is known that cultivated and refined it at least four southern Chinese kung fu styles, such as Confucian, Fish, Rooster and Dog. He says that one of the residents of the city of Fuzhou-Pei Chen Bao, was associated with a group of old warriors called "cooks". Following them came to a Buddhist monastery in Quan Zhou, where he temporarily stationed. There has been noticed by the monks in the course of daily morning classes in martial arts near the monastery walls. Once approved and accepted by the monks of the student, he mastered all the four above-mentioned styles of kung fu. After many years he has supplied the Confucian style of his student Chen Yi Tui, on the other hand, return to Fuzhou He passed it to Gou Hua. The best of the students He Gou Hua, ie Tu Ji Qing Lin, and Wen Dong Guo Rong Chang founded their own schools over time, and their followers gave way the next generations of students. In view of the order of monks of the monastery Miao Zhu, masters of this style: "Do not thoughtlessly submit this style, it usually taught individually, and thus it is now one of the rare and little-known systems of kung fu.

Characteristics of the style:

Style is characterized by soft fist, and alternating arrangement of the use of speed and slowness. It is assumed that the efficiency and power jumps depend on the individual predisposition of the body. In order to achieve technical proficiency, remain relaxed, free the body from the mind concentrated on the center of balance and energy is "used to reverse the Yin and Yang. Movements are calm, the whole body is always combined with the center has. (As in taijiquan, where he initiated the movement mentally, physically, takes its beginning and is constantly "flowing, quot; from the Dan Tien).

The style is Konfucjańskim says:

"Overcoming the hands does not overcome the body does not overcome the body has a natural center, but center has a disaster causing a total collapse, because the center is governed by all."

Strategy reflects the style of his password:

"Techniques of the hands are supported by the body to the center aims. When there is no bridge, you can always build it. If the bridge is broken, it must be immediately re-create, to attain this objective. During the fight should be slightly lower position of the entire body, ie the fingers , hands, elbows and body, relax the waist and bend the knee ". This will increase the effectiveness of action.

The Song Fight style Confucian teaches:

What replace the soft hard. (ie soft, hard wydobądź).
Collect and combine hard and soft in the best way.
When changed into Yin to Yang, "rub" them in the body, that this function best.
Bends under the hard and strong, cut and win soft and weak.
Hit the line of least resistance, and soon reach the minimal effort and success.
Follow the techniques of hands and feet together with the movement of the body, according to its nature and capabilities.
Ten thousand actions can be maintained in memory, ten thousand steps back to the heart. "

During the attack, striking with fists, palms, elbows, etc., should observe the enemy. This will help to identify its strengths and weaknesses, find the gaps (ie gaps in the throat, or otherwise "niedomknięcia door") and to react appropriately, depending on his behavior. Strength of jumps should result from compliance with the principles of Yin-Yang, ie "sun and moon orbiting spiral orbits. Legs during exercise techniques should be mutually support the hands follow the movement of the body, put the steps in coordination with the movements of the elbow. Strike hands asking the "series" of four basic directions, and steps put in eight directions ( "come" steps on the bias). During the fight looked to be concentrated, expressing the militancy and determination.

Forms:

The whole style contains only two forms, namely the form of Confucian / also known as school / and the form of Confucian Heart.

STYLE FISH

History media

Both fish-site style and its creator remains unknown. According to the notes, this style was provided by a Buddhist monk to two persons: Min Chen HouNan and WenNao (also called Baci Kang), who in time gave him his disciples. They drew up at the inn in Fuzhou style cartoon explanations of techniques. One of their students living in Fuzhou Chen Pei Guan handed style Fish Buddhist monks in the monastery, Miao Zhu Quan Zhou (compare with information on the history of Confucian-style), and after his return to Fuzhou two disciples: He GuoHua and Tu JiQing. You spread the style in the city and surrounding area.

Characteristics of the style:

Style fish was created based on the observation of fish behavior in the water and way of life. Analogous to the fish, the body style of practicing fish during the execution of movements should be relaxed, and the individual freedom of movement, like a smooth, flowing briskly fish. Practicing spine mimics the movements of the fish tail, the waist moves spontaneously, to be able to imitate the hip section of the tail wagging the head, like a fish, performs a number of turns. Imitate the movements flowing and suddenly catching fish for food.

Movements of individual body parts are ripped from each other. Various technical elements appear calm, but in reality practices are internally excited. Avoiding sudden, panic movements. Practitioner, fully managed, inhaling and exhaling air nose mouth, and makes the movements of the eyes expressing przywódczość. Qi energy enters the body through the mouth with the breath and through the skin from the air and the ground. Breathing air accumulates energy qi, which then produces the power. Storing it in the body, it behaves.

STYLE Monkeys

The history of communication:

There are two main branches of the Monkey style, ie the north and south. Style Monkeys grown in Fuzhou is the southern variant of this style. It was formed as a result of observation of monkeys and their behavior, which shows that they are creatures of a physically-disabled, pojętnymi, slick, energetic, and disasters. When drawing style was collected and used all of these features, combining them with fighting techniques. According to notes, a person with a style of monkeys was reached Fuzhou Min HouTian. He learned the style of monkeys growing up in the countryside, for many years diligently coached travelers. After many years gave him two people from Fuzhou, namely Mr. Wang Jiakun YangSong and who introduced it to spread in the city.

Characteristics of the style:

In the style of monkeys bred in Fuzhou number of jumps, acrobatics and movements like drilling is minimized. Creating and developing this system, most attention was paid to improving stroke techniques and methods of attack. Style is characterized by a well-developed structure hidden, sudden and fierce attack, pressure in, centeredness in her movements and life force energy, spontaneity and reflection, a multitude of changes in movement. Typical for practicing the system "attitude of a monkey" adopted by 7quot; pulling "the chest, bring the back, leaving the elbow, wrist and loosen freely leave the hand, bending the knees and lower body, peeling off the heels from the ground. This allows for lower center of gravity and energy centered at the point of Dan Tien. The attitude of practicing should be similar to the figure of a monkey. Actions are executed in a sudden and unexpected. techniques are very fast hands, including a short circular movements and gripping. Unpredictable attacks include the elastic, but elegant jumping. All behavior should be practicing mysterious and unpredictable and unexpected movements. It seems attacking a number of different sounds that imitate the voices issued by the monkeys (in accordance with the principle of "attacking the east-west). the practitioner imitates the behavior of monkeys, such as listening and waited to attack the enemy, shall mock attacks to see the reactions of the enemy. "behaves in a manner in which the monkey cheat bears and wolves, by feigned attacks to excite terror." Attacks are aimed primarily at Bai Hui vital point located at the top of the head (known as the place of the white lily), eyes ( fingers tapping technique slot sun "), larynx and pharynx (the art crushing, tearing, tightness), the impact at around the heart and placed under the arm point vital Yin. formed in the shape of hooks for hands fingers and dynamically craftily attacked vessels in the arteries. When possible, a strong grasp of the passing place beneath the skin surface artery and jerk tears in it.

Form of a monkey-style:
Complete style monkeys practiced in Fujian Province has four forms:

* Four Gates flows.
* Insect adherent to the body.
* Pierced with a needle.
* Form Springing Jumping.

HARMONY STYLE SIX / SIX GATES / (LIU HE MEN)

The history of communication:

Six Harmony style is centuries-old history. Was once widely ćwiczony in southern Shaolin monastery. According to the transfers, was developed by Liu DeKuan in Qing Yun, located in the district Cang Zhou, Hebei Province. Creator of the style gave him Zhao Xinzhou, that his pupil LaiSheng Wan, and this in turn ZhengFu Gong, who spread it in the city of Fuzhou. His disciples for a long time explored and improving the combat system. Thanks to the students and their style has survived and is now practiced in the city and its surroundings.

Characteristics of the style:

According to the notes, a style characterized by "appearance of a dragon, tiger squat, stupor deer, to escape a cat, dodge dog, rabbit czmychanie, dirty by the falcon, the elegance of pine, the efficiency of small creatures, agility aircraft returns tupnięcia hawk and legs." Are also important, "and the cunning to catch prey and przytrzymywaniu eject and reversing movements performed with the softness of wool" In short, we can say that each existing variety-style Six out of Harmony, as a result of lengthy research and technical experience includes the essence:

* Exercise internal (Nei Kung) developing the potential of Chi energy,
* Developing the power of spiritual practices,
* Exercises to strengthen the quickness of perception, eyesight and physical strength,
* Techniques to put instant hand blows.

Wyskoki person wishing to achieve the technical level in this style, it must in the course exercises:

* Align the left and right side of the body, emotions, heart, out of breath, the flow of Chi energy and the strength of the arms and legs.
* Develop a plan to unite the mind and skillful combining hardness and softness in the performance techniques of hands and feet.
* The mind and will focus in the depths of the body, lying in the Dan Tian point underbelly.
* The movements always do of course, in three zones:
of-the shoulders up, with the center located in the area before ćwiczącym at the height of his nose.
about - the middle, the corresponding range of hand movements.
on-bottom, corresponding to the range of movement of legs.

Style, key words are:

1. Gu-ie, look around for the sake of themselves.
2. Ban such movement, strikes the hands and kicking legs.
3. Ding-ie. calm and composure.
4. Wen-ie, stability, persistence and determination.
5. Zhun - ie confidence, constancy, and obligatory.
6. Lang, ie, the nature of the wolf, his ingenuity and cunning.

Six Harmony style say there are casting sense, the essence and nature as a technician. For example:

* "Devil's cunning is the result of thinking skills."
* "Delving in the chest, pulls the stomach."
* "Tension belly strap pants, props, and strengthens his waist."
* "If nothing moves, no traffic. When motion occurs, it moves everything, as if suddenly moved the whole mountain"
* "Going forward, the cofasz legs."
* "If the vertebral column, rotates around its axis, is also moving his hands.
* "Keep a light front, heavy rear."
* "When a deer standing in amazement, the hair on his neck to involuntarily hedgehogs."

Forms style:

Six Elements Composed of One Way Fist, Six Elements Composed of two Roads Fist, Six Elements Composed of Three Way Fist (also called "Black Dragon Fighting Form"), Six Elements Composed of Four Way Fist (also known as "The form of the separation of Mother and Son "), and others. The style is also done using a form of swords, knives and sticks. There are also formal agreements executed simultaneously in groups, such as unarmed "Six Against One," or weapons "One of the cudgel against the Six" and "One Against the Sword Six", etc.

STYLE trace of motion BIRD

Style Bird trace of motion in Fuzhou has been developed by Zheng Rui. It has brought together the movements that mimic the behavior of "a hundred species of birds, their flight, how to attack and fight with the elements of dance. Master thoroughly the idea of the style developed on the basis of how the attack birds, combining the techniques of copy-cat movements occurring in the martial arts and dance elements. This resulted in a new variety of kung fu. Style includes movements that mimic such a kind of penetrating the air of a sparrow in flight and its behavior on the ground and during flight. Lightness of his movements, speed and violence of the attack, leading to victory the result of certain specific activities. That such behavior analyzed and used the author in his style. Man fighting style that does not try to kill the enemy, but to scare, drive away, to overthrow or injure. In the seventies of the twentieth century the style practiced in Fuzhou, only a few people. Currently, there is no indication that he penetration, so there is a strong likelihood of his disappearance.

NATURAL STYLE (ZI RAN MEN)

The history of communication:

Natural style came to Fuzhou in the province of Sichuan in 1944, thanks to Xu WeiShi, who passed it to Du XinWu, and this in turn taught him LaiSheng Wan. Dissemination and popular in Fujian province owes it to those who individually, with great enthusiasm and dedication he learned it in the first years of its distribution on its premises. With the proper attitude of these people have reached a very high level of martial art, arousing enthusiasm for its practice with other people. It is believed that the greatest master of this style was in Fuzhou Hong ZhenFu. With time, the system has been distributed throughout the province of Fujian and Hunan.

Characteristics of the style:

It is believed that by practicing with the practice of this style are the reconstruction of physical strength and energy of Chi. According to the rule of style, the practice leads to inner peace, individual movements are based on the cycle of alternating eight elements (Ba Gua), any change causes the reaction combined with a "wave diffuse steps. Some of the techniques of hand are typical of other styles of completion, which are essentially conventional techniques dobywania arms hanging in the vagina on the back and the task for its use decisive blow. To succeed, a student in the course of practice should always be calm and obey the rules of style. He must not behave nadpobudliwie, show impatience, talk or cry out different words. Self mastery is the key to guarantee success.

Practitioners of this style say:
"Peace and movement without beginning or end, there is constant change, the emptiness and all the action in accordance with nature".
"It does not matter whether something happened or not. Not limited to, no hustle, strive to restore strength and energy Chi everything in a natural way."

Technical rules style:

1. Puts his hand to the outer softness of cotton wool, and simultaneous internal hardness of iron.
2. Move the hands smoothly if you develop a thread.
3. Your strike should be so rapid as to be unnoticeable.
4. Physical force exists, although it is invisible.
5. Technique and the proper method of its use will be the same in due time.
6. During the exercise keep the face relaxed. Tongue in your mouth should lie naturally soft and comfortable.
7. Do not attack first.
8. Lower your hands to freely hanging along the body. Legs set, if you walked on the ice.
9. Ask strike hands in front of the advancing wave of freedom. /

Technical whole style is contained in its unique form - Form Natural Style. "

Biographies listed in the article master Natural Style:

1. Wan Lai Sheng.
(information from the "Martial Arts of China presents Grandmasters", p. 32)

Wan Lai Sheng (in fact, who called the Wan Qing Chang), born in Wuchang, a family of scholars. At age 17, came to Beijing to study at the Faculty Department of Forestry, the National University of Agriculture. He made the acquaintance of the head where the protection of Zhao Xin Zhou, who agreed to teach his style of Shaolin Six Harmony (Shaolin Liu He-Man). After graduating with honors, he remained at the university as its staff, continuing education in various martial arts masters. This lasted until he heard the master Natural Style Du Xin Wu, working in Beijing at the Ministry of Agriculture and Mining. Wang immediately went to the master Du and asked him to devote his time period. During the talks, presented to him his passion was martial arts and asked for admission to the student. Being impressed by the sincere words of Wana and the fact that he learned so far at the base Wushu, a good teacher, has accepted him as his first pupil. After seven years of intense training Wan masterfully mastered the style of natural, both in terms of its theory and technique. He then expanded the style of the techniques derived from systems Xing Yi Quan (Form and Will Fist), Ba Gua Zhang (eight trigrams palm), Tai Chi, Hou Quan (Monkey), Pigu, Arhat / Luohan Quan exercises and styles of south China. During this period he continued to raise their skills in elite Wushu masters, such as in Bai Liu Chun, Wang Xian Zhai, and Wang Rong Biao. In the same period, at the request of the magazine publisher "Chen Bao", ie "Morning News" wrote a series of articles depicting his personal perspective on different styles and aspects of kung fu. They were subsequently republished in book form "Overview of Martial Arts", published in 200 000 copies. Then, as the author of a book first signed up as Wan Lai Sheng, and under the literary pseudonym is known today. That same year, Wang participated in the First National Symposium on Wushu. From that moment, as the man of national-class status in the upcoming Wushu became piles of letters, including the majority asking for teaching Wushu. After accepting the offer letter, the Director of the Academy of Wushu, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, he went there together with his cousin Wan Ping Lai and three friends Gu Ru Zhang, Li Xian Wu and Fu Zhen Song, going down in history as the "Five Tigers Solo in the East". In the thirties, Wang traveled to many different places:

* In 1931 to Chang Sha, where he served as director of the Institute of Hunan Province Wushu.
* In 1933 to Hong Kong, where he oversaw the conduct of Wushu tournament
* In 1934 to Guilin, working in the Department of Physical Culture University of Guangxi Province.
* In 1939 the provinces of Fujian, where he founded the School of Physical Education Teachers' Yongqan.
* Since 1944, a professor of sport, he taught in the College of Agriculture, Fujian Province, until his resignation in 1951.

After this time, he devoted much time studying and orthopedic treatments. He has educated several generations of Wushu expert, has written sixteen books, including: "Illustrated Exercises Shaolińskiej School Arhat / Luohan", "Elite Wushu", "Traditional Chinese Exercises Natural Style Wushu helpful in treatment of diseases Ponds," "Tales of Wushu" and "Form of the Spear 24 Shares. With the sacrifice of life study of traditional Chinese medicine, practice and teaching of traditional Chinese martial arts and writing and published many books on Wushu, he served for life following functions: